US Dollar Talking Points:
Recommended by James Stanley
Get Your Free USD Forecast
Inflation continues to fall in the United States and this morning’s print brought the sixth consecutive month of headline CPI moving-lower, following the peak of 9.1% that showed in June of last year.
The US Dollar dropped after the release, setting a fresh seven-month-low and trading below the 103 handle that had tried to hold the lows coming into this morning’s data. Support showed at a trendline projection, which originated in June of 2021 and connects to the February 2022 swing low. That projection came into the picture just after the CPI-fueled fall and has so far led to a mild bounce. That bounce is far from home free, however, as short-term resistance has played-in off the same 103 level of prior support. But, at this point, it has helped to stem the bleeding.
There’s another notable area of support in-play this morning, as the current low for DXY has printed right at the 61.8% Fibonacci retracement of the 2022 bullish move. This adds a bit of confluence to the matter.
US Dollar Daily Price Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; USD, DXY on Tradingview
USD Short-Term
As noted above, bulls are far from home free here as we simply have a slowing of the bleeding with no evidence yet of bulls re-taking control after last week’s PMI-fueled reversal. But, given recent price action there’s some context to work with.
The trendline bounce this morning pushed back-above 103 at which point sellers hit it again, so that becomes the first hurdle. Above that we have the resistance from earlier this week at 103.45, which was prior swing support. And above that we have 103.82 which was the 2017 swing high until coming back in as support more recently.
If bulls can budge above that spot, longer-term reversal scenarios will start to look more attractive. So, they have their work cut out for them but there’s still a pathway-forward.
At this stage, bullish reversal potential can remain provided bulls hold higher-low support above this morning’s inflection at the 102.33 Fibonacci level.
US Dollar Hourly Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; USD, DXY on Tradingview
EUR/USD
EUR/USD started to test a big zone of resistance on Monday of this week and sellers had an open door to push a bearish swing. Price had just set a fresh six-month-high and the trend had stalled. At the very least, one might expect some profit taking after the breakout, which would allow for the two steps forward, one step back type of logic that often accompanies healthy trends.
But there was barely a step back as Tuesday’s candle printed as a doji and Wednesday’s quick attempt to breakout had fallen flat. The initial reaction in EUR/USD was a quick breakout to a fresh eight-month-high which quickly pulled back, with support showing at the same spot of prior resistance around the 1.0750 psychological level.
That has since led to another topside run, keeping control in bulls’ hands.
EUR/USD Hourly Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; EURUSD on Tradingview
EUR/USD Longer-Term
EUR/USD is now trading with a fresh bullish breakout while trading at eight-month-highs. The next significant spot of resistance is just overhead, at a prior double top formation from last April around the 1.0933 level.
For bears, the ideal scenario would be a hold of lower-high resistance below this morning’s spike-high, somewhat similar to the mirror image of the USD scenario above. But given the response to 1.0750 thus far, the bullish trend isn’t yet finished, and more evidence will be needed before there’s bearish scenarios to work with.
EUR/USD Daily Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; EURUSD on Tradingview
GBP/USD
GBP/USD put in a bullish move this morning but in a much more restrained manner than what showed in EUR/USD. Cable remains within the confines of prior range context with this morning’s high at the same 1.2223 resistance level and today’s low at the same 1.2105 support. The three days of support at 1.2105 would give me a slight bullish bias but, logically, if I want to track bearish-USD scenarios EUR/USD may be a better fit, or perhaps even USD/CAD.
GBP/USD Daily Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; GBPUSD on Tradingview
USD/JPY
I’ve saved the big one for last.
More signs continue to stack that some form of change may be on the horizon for Japanese monetary policy. With inflation surging to 40-year-highs and with a leadership change expected atop the BoJ in a few months, expectations have been building for some form of less-dovish monetary policy. And given how loaded the carry trade had become last year on the back of cheap Yen, there could remain considerable room for that theme to run.
There was the policy review in late-December that led to a strong JPY push as carry trades quickly unwound. My Top Trade for Q1 is the bearish side of GBP/JPY, largely on this premise.
Recommended by James Stanley
Get Your Free Top Trading Opportunities Forecast
USD/JPY is testing below the 130 psychological level again and this marks a dramatic fall from the 150 level that was in-play just a few months ago. Ahead of yesterday’s Tokyo open, USD/JPY had even held some bullish influence, with higher-low support holding at a key spot, as a falling wedge formation had led to a breakout last week. USD/JPY price action had held resistance at the 132.90 level that I looked at earlier this week, until another driver appeared…
Last night brought another clue that change may be on the horizon for the Bank of Japan, and that’s led to another leg of JPY-strength as carry trades have further unwound. USD/JPY has since held support at the familiar low of 129.50. But this seems a vulnerable spot of support given how quickly price has returned to this price.
USD/JPY Daily Chart
Chart prepared by James Stanley; USDJPY on Tradingview
— Written by James Stanley
Contact and follow James on Twitter: @JStanleyFX
`show()this.visiblehide()this.visible&&!this.hiding&&(this.hiding=!0,this.fadeProgressElement(()=>this.uninstallProgressElement(),this.stopTrickling(),this.visible=!1,this.hiding=!1))setValue(value)this.value=value,this.refresh()installStylesheetElement()document.head.insertBefore(this.stylesheetElement,document.head.firstChild)installProgressElement()this.progressElement.style.width="0",this.progressElement.style.opacity="1",document.documentElement.insertBefore(this.progressElement,document.body),this.refresh()fadeProgressElement(callback)this.progressElement.style.opacity="0",setTimeout(callback,1.5*ProgressBar.animationDuration)uninstallProgressElement()this.progressElement.parentNode&&document.documentElement.removeChild(this.progressElement)startTrickling()this.trickleIntervalstopTrickling()window.clearInterval(this.trickleInterval),delete this.trickleIntervalrefresh()requestAnimationFrame(()=>this.progressElement.style.width=10+90*this.value+"%")createStylesheetElement()var element=document.createElement("style");return element.type="text/css",element.textContent=ProgressBar.defaultCSS,elementcreateProgressElement()var element=document.createElement("div");return element.className="turbo-progress-bar",elementProgressBar.animationDuration=300;class HeadSnapshot extends Snapshot{constructor(){super(...arguments),this.detailsByOuterHTML=this.children.filter(element=>!function elementIsNoscript(element)element=element.tagName.toLowerCase();return"noscript"==element(element)).map(element=>function elementWithoutNonce(element)element.hasAttribute("nonce")&&element.setAttribute("nonce","");return element(element)).reduce((result,element)=>var outerHTML=element["outerHTML"],details=outerHTML in result?result[outerHTML]:type:function elementType(element)return function elementIsScript(element)element=element.tagName.toLowerCase();return"script"==element(element)?"script":function elementIsStylesheet(element)(element)?"stylesheet":void 0(element),tracked:function elementIsTracked(element)return"reload"==element.getAttribute("data-turbo-track")(element),elements:[];return Object.assign(Object.assign(,result),[outerHTML]:Object.assign(Object.assign(,details),elements:[...details.elements,element])),)}get trackedElementSignature()return Object.keys(this.detailsByOuterHTML).filter(outerHTML=>this.detailsByOuterHTML[outerHTML].tracked).join("")getScriptElementsNotInSnapshot(snapshot)return this.getElementsMatchingTypeNotInSnapshot("script",snapshot)getStylesheetElementsNotInSnapshot(snapshot)return this.getElementsMatchingTypeNotInSnapshot("stylesheet",snapshot)getElementsMatchingTypeNotInSnapshot(matchedType,snapshot)return Object.keys(this.detailsByOuterHTML).filter(outerHTML=>!(outerHTML in snapshot.detailsByOuterHTML)).map(outerHTML=>this.detailsByOuterHTML[outerHTML]).filter((type)=>type==matchedType).map((elements:[element])=>element)get provisionalElements()return Object.keys(this.detailsByOuterHTML).reduce((result,outerHTML)=>vartype:outerHTML,tracked,elements=this.detailsByOuterHTML[outerHTML];return null!=outerHTML,[])getMetaValue(name)name=this.findMetaElementByName(name);return name?name.getAttribute("content"):nullfindMetaElementByName(name)return Object.keys(this.detailsByOuterHTML).reduce((result,outerHTML)=>var[outerHTML]=this.detailsByOuterHTML[outerHTML]["elements"];return function elementIsMetaElementWithName(element,name)var tagName=element.tagName.toLowerCase();return"meta"==tagName&&element.getAttribute("name")==name(outerHTML,name)?outerHTML:result,void 0)}class PageSnapshot extends Snapshotconstructor(element,headSnapshot)super(element),this.headSnapshot=headSnapshotstatic fromHTMLString(html="")return this.fromDocument(parseHTMLDocument(html))static fromElement(element)return this.fromDocument(element.ownerDocument)static fromDocument(head,body)return new this(body,new HeadSnapshot(head))clone()return new PageSnapshot(this.element.cloneNode(!0),this.headSnapshot)get headElement()return this.headSnapshot.elementget rootLocation()var _a;return expandURL(null!=(_a=this.getSetting("root"))?_a:"/")get cacheControlValue()return this.getSetting("cache-control")get isPreviewable()return"no-preview"!=this.cacheControlValueget isCacheable()return"no-cache"!=this.cacheControlValueget isVisitable()return"reload"!=this.getSetting("visit-control")getSetting(name)return this.headSnapshot.getMetaValue("turbo-"+name)(prototype=TimingMetric=TimingMetric||).visitStart="visitStart",prototype.requestStart="requestStart",prototype.requestEnd="requestEnd",prototype.visitEnd="visitEnd",(prototype=VisitState=VisitState||).initialized="initialized",prototype.started="started",prototype.canceled="canceled",prototype.failed="failed";const defaultOptions=action:"advance",historyChanged:!(prototype.completed="completed"),visitCachedSnapshot:()=>,willRender:!0;(prototype=SystemStatusCode=SystemStatusCode||)[prototype.networkFailure=0]="networkFailure",prototype[prototype.timeoutFailure=-1]="timeoutFailure",prototype[prototype.contentTypeMismatch=-2]="contentTypeMismatch";class Visitconstructor(delegate,location2,restorationIdentifier,options=)get adapter()return this.delegate.adapterget view()return this.delegate.viewget history()return this.delegate.historyget restorationData()return this.history.getRestorationDataForIdentifier(this.restorationIdentifier)get silent()return this.isSamePagestart()this.state==VisitState.initialized&&(this.recordTimingMetric(TimingMetric.visitStart),this.state=VisitState.started,this.adapter.visitStarted(this),this.delegate.visitStarted(this))cancel()this.state==VisitState.started&&(this.request&&this.request.cancel(),this.cancelRender(),this.state=VisitState.canceled)complete()this.state==VisitState.started&&(this.recordTimingMetric(TimingMetric.visitEnd),this.state=VisitState.completed,this.adapter.visitCompleted(this),this.delegate.visitCompleted(this),this.followRedirect())fail()this.state==VisitState.started&&(this.state=VisitState.failed,this.adapter.visitFailed(this))changeHistory()issueRequest()this.hasPreloadedResponse()?this.simulateRequest():this.shouldIssueRequest()&&!this.request&&(this.request=new FetchRequest(this,FetchMethod.get,this.location),this.request.perform())simulateRequest()this.response&&(this.startRequest(),this.recordResponse(),this.finishRequest())startRequest()this.recordTimingMetric(TimingMetric.requestStart),this.adapter.visitRequestStarted(this)recordResponse(response=this.response)(this.response=response)&&(response=response["statusCode"],isSuccessful(response)?this.adapter.visitRequestCompleted(this):this.adapter.visitRequestFailedWithStatusCode(this,response))finishRequest()this.recordTimingMetric(TimingMetric.requestEnd),this.adapter.visitRequestFinished(this)loadResponse()if(this.response)conststatusCode,responseHTML=this.response;this.render(()=>__async$3(this,null,function*()this.cacheSnapshot(),this.view.renderPromise&&(yield this.view.renderPromise),isSuccessful(statusCode)&&null!=responseHTML?(yield this.view.renderPage(PageSnapshot.fromHTMLString(responseHTML),!1,this.willRender),this.adapter.visitRendered(this),this.complete()):(yield this.view.renderError(PageSnapshot.fromHTMLString(responseHTML)),this.adapter.visitRendered(this),this.fail())))getCachedSnapshot()this.getPreloadedSnapshot();if(snapshot&&(!getAnchor(this.location)getPreloadedSnapshot()if(this.snapshotHTML)return PageSnapshot.fromHTMLString(this.snapshotHTML)hasCachedSnapshot()return null!=this.getCachedSnapshot()loadCachedSnapshot()const snapshot=this.getCachedSnapshot();if(snapshot)const isPreview=this.shouldIssueRequest();this.render(()=>__async$3(this,null,function*()))followRedirect()var _a;this.redirectedToLocation&&!this.followedRedirect&&null!=(_a=this.response)&&_a.redirected&&(this.adapter.visitProposedToLocation(this.redirectedToLocation,action:"replace",response:this.response),this.followedRedirect=!0)goToSamePageAnchor()this.isSamePage&&this.render(()=>__async$3(this,null,function*()this.cacheSnapshot(),this.adapter.visitRendered(this)))requestStarted()this.startRequest()requestPreventedHandlingResponse(request,response)requestSucceededWithResponse(request,response)return __async$3(this,null,function*()var responseHTML=yield response.responseHTML,redirected,statusCode=response;null==responseHTML?this.recordResponse(statusCode:SystemStatusCode.contentTypeMismatch,redirected:redirected):(this.redirectedToLocation=response.redirected?response.location:void 0,this.recordResponse(statusCode:statusCode,responseHTML:responseHTML,redirected:redirected)))requestFailedWithResponse(request,response)return __async$3(this,null,function*()var responseHTML=yield response.responseHTML,redirected,statusCode=response;null==responseHTML?this.recordResponse(statusCode:SystemStatusCode.contentTypeMismatch,redirected:redirected):this.recordResponse(statusCode:statusCode,responseHTML:responseHTML,redirected:redirected))requestErrored(request,error)this.recordResponse(statusCode:SystemStatusCode.networkFailure,redirected:!1)requestFinished()this.finishRequest()performScroll()this.view.scrollToTop():this.scrollToAnchor()scrollToRestoredPosition()var scrollPosition=this.restorationData["scrollPosition"];if(scrollPosition)return this.view.scrollToPosition(scrollPosition),!0scrollToAnchor()var anchor=getAnchor(this.location);if(null!=anchor)return this.view.scrollToAnchor(anchor),!0recordTimingMetric(metric)this.timingMetrics[metric]=(new Date).getTime()getTimingMetrics()return Object.assign(,this.timingMetrics)getHistoryMethodForAction(action)switch(action)case"replace":return history.replaceState;case"advance":case"restore":return history.pushStatehasPreloadedResponse()return"object"==typeof this.responseshouldIssueRequest()return!this.isSamePage&&("restore"==this.action?!this.hasCachedSnapshot():this.willRender)cacheSnapshot()this.snapshotCachedrender(callback)return __async$3(this,null,function*()this.cancelRender(),yield new Promise(resolve=>this.frame=requestAnimationFrame(()=>resolve())),yield callback(),delete this.frame,this.performScroll())cancelRender()this.frame&&(cancelAnimationFrame(this.frame),delete this.frame)function isSuccessful(statusCode)return 200<=statusCode&&statusCode<300class BrowserAdapterconstructor(session2)this.progressBar=new ProgressBar,this.showProgressBar=()=>this.progressBar.show(),this.session=session2visitProposedToLocation(location2,options)this.navigator.startVisit(location2,uuid(),options)visitStarted(visit2)visit2.loadCachedSnapshot(),visit2.issueRequest(),visit2.changeHistory(),visit2.goToSamePageAnchor()visitRequestStarted(visit2)"restore"!=visit2.action?this.showVisitProgressBarAfterDelay():this.showProgressBar()visitRequestCompleted(visit2)visit2.loadResponse()visitRequestFailedWithStatusCode(visit2,statusCode)switch(statusCode)case SystemStatusCode.networkFailure:case SystemStatusCode.timeoutFailure:case SystemStatusCode.contentTypeMismatch:return this.reload();default:return visit2.loadResponse()visitRequestFinished(visit2)this.progressBar.setValue(1),this.hideVisitProgressBar()visitCompleted(visit2)pageInvalidated()this.reload()visitFailed(visit2)visitRendered(visit2)formSubmissionStarted(formSubmission)this.progressBar.setValue(0),this.showFormProgressBarAfterDelay()formSubmissionFinished(formSubmission)this.progressBar.setValue(1),this.hideFormProgressBar()showVisitProgressBarAfterDelay()this.visitProgressBarTimeout=window.setTimeout(this.showProgressBar,this.session.progressBarDelay)hideVisitProgressBar()this.progressBar.hide(),null!=this.visitProgressBarTimeout&&(window.clearTimeout(this.visitProgressBarTimeout),delete this.visitProgressBarTimeout)showFormProgressBarAfterDelay()null==this.formProgressBarTimeout&&(this.formProgressBarTimeout=window.setTimeout(this.showProgressBar,this.session.progressBarDelay))hideFormProgressBar()this.progressBar.hide(),null!=this.formProgressBarTimeout&&(window.clearTimeout(this.formProgressBarTimeout),delete this.formProgressBarTimeout)reload()window.location.reload()get navigator()return this.session.navigatorclass CacheObserverconstructor()this.started=!1start()stop()this.started&&(this.started=!1,removeEventListener("turbo:before-cache",this.removeStaleElements,!1))removeStaleElements()for(const element of[...document.querySelectorAll('[data-turbo-cache="false"]')])element.remove()class FormSubmitObserverconstructor(delegate)this.started=!1,this.submitCaptured=()=>removeEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),addEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),this.submitBubbled=event=>,this.delegate=delegatestart()stop()this.started&&(removeEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)class FrameRedirectorconstructor(element)this.element=element,this.linkInterceptor=new LinkInterceptor(this,element),this.formInterceptor=new FormInterceptor(this,element)start()this.linkInterceptor.start(),this.formInterceptor.start()stop()this.linkInterceptor.stop(),this.formInterceptor.stop()shouldInterceptLinkClick(element,url)return this.shouldRedirect(element)linkClickIntercepted(element,url)var frame=this.findFrameElement(element);frame&&frame.delegate.linkClickIntercepted(element,url)shouldInterceptFormSubmission(element,submitter)return this.shouldSubmit(element,submitter)formSubmissionIntercepted(element,submitter)var frame=this.findFrameElement(element,submitter);frame&&(frame.removeAttribute("reloadable"),frame.delegate.formSubmissionIntercepted(element,submitter))shouldSubmit(form,submitter)var action=getAction(form,submitter),meta=this.element.ownerDocument.querySelector('meta[name="turbo-root"]'),meta=expandURL(null!=(meta=null==meta?void 0:meta.content)?meta:"/");return this.shouldRedirect(form,submitter)&&locationIsVisitable(action,meta)shouldRedirect(element,submitter)submitter=this.findFrameElement(element,submitter);return!!submitter&&submitter!=element.closest("turbo-frame")findFrameElement(element,submitter)class Historyconstructor(delegate)this.restorationIdentifier=uuid(),this.restorationData=,this.started=!1,this.pageLoaded=!1,this.onPopState=event=>,this.onPageLoad=event=>__async$3(this,null,function*()yield function nextMicrotask()return Promise.resolve()(),this.pageLoaded=!0),this.delegate=delegatestart()stop()this.started&&(removeEventListener("popstate",this.onPopState,!1),removeEventListener("load",this.onPageLoad,!1),this.started=!1)push(location2,restorationIdentifier)this.update(history.pushState,location2,restorationIdentifier)replace(location2,restorationIdentifier)this.update(history.replaceState,location2,restorationIdentifier)update(method,location2,restorationIdentifier=uuid())method.call(history,turbo:restorationIdentifier:restorationIdentifier,"",location2.href),this.location=location2,this.restorationIdentifier=restorationIdentifiergetRestorationDataForIdentifier(restorationIdentifier)updateRestorationData(additionalData)var restorationIdentifier=this["restorationIdentifier"],restorationData=this.restorationData[restorationIdentifier];this.restorationData[restorationIdentifier]=Object.assign(Object.assign(,restorationData),additionalData)assumeControlOfScrollRestoration()(this.previousScrollRestoration=null!=(_a=history.scrollRestoration)?_a:"auto",history.scrollRestoration="manual")relinquishControlOfScrollRestoration()this.previousScrollRestoration&&(history.scrollRestoration=this.previousScrollRestoration,delete this.previousScrollRestoration)shouldHandlePopState()return this.pageIsLoaded()pageIsLoaded()class LinkClickObserverconstructor(delegate)this.started=!1,this.clickCaptured=()=>removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),this.clickBubbled=event=>,this.delegate=delegatestart()stop()this.started&&(removeEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)clickEventIsSignificant(event)return!(event.target&&event.target.isContentEditablefindLinkFromClickTarget(target)if(target instanceof Element)return target.closest("a[href]:not([target^=_]):not([download])")getLocationForLink(link)return expandURL(link.getAttribute("href")function isAction(action)"replace"==actionclass Navigator{constructor(delegate)this.delegate=delegateproposeVisit(location2,options=)this.delegate.allowsVisitingLocationWithAction(location2,options.action)&&(locationIsVisitable(location2,this.view.snapshot.rootLocation)?this.delegate.visitProposedToLocation(location2,options):window.location.href=location2.toString())startVisit(locatable,restorationIdentifier,options=)this.stop(),this.currentVisit=new Visit(this,expandURL(locatable),restorationIdentifier,Object.assign(referrer:this.location,options)),this.currentVisit.start()submitForm(form,submitter)this.stop(),this.formSubmission=new FormSubmission(this,form,submitter,!0),this.formSubmission.start()stop()this.formSubmission&&(this.formSubmission.stop(),delete this.formSubmission),this.currentVisit&&(this.currentVisit.cancel(),delete this.currentVisit)get adapter()return this.delegate.adapterget view()return this.delegate.viewget history()return this.delegate.historyformSubmissionStarted(formSubmission)"function"==typeof this.adapter.formSubmissionStarted&&this.adapter.formSubmissionStarted(formSubmission)formSubmissionSucceededWithResponse(formSubmission,fetchResponse)return __async$3(this,null,function*()var responseHTML,statusCode,redirected,action;formSubmission==this.formSubmission&&(responseHTML=yield fetchResponse.responseHTML)&&(formSubmission.method!=FetchMethod.get&&this.view.clearSnapshotCache(),statusCode,redirected=fetchResponse,action=this.getActionForFormSubmission(formSubmission),this.proposeVisit(fetchResponse.location,action:action,response:statusCode:statusCode,responseHTML:responseHTML,redirected:redirected)))formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(formSubmission,fetchResponse)return __async$3(this,null,function*()var responseHTML=yield fetchResponse.responseHTML;responseHTML&&(responseHTML=PageSnapshot.fromHTMLString(responseHTML),fetchResponse.serverError?yield this.view.renderError(responseHTML):yield this.view.renderPage(responseHTML),this.view.scrollToTop(),this.view.clearSnapshotCache()))formSubmissionErrored(formSubmission,error)console.error(error)formSubmissionFinished(formSubmission)"function"==typeof this.adapter.formSubmissionFinished&&this.adapter.formSubmissionFinished(formSubmission)visitStarted(visit2)this.delegate.visitStarted(visit2)visitCompleted(visit2)this.delegate.visitCompleted(visit2)locationWithActionIsSamePage(location2,action)null!=anchor&&anchor!==currentAnchor)visitScrolledToSamePageLocation(oldURL,newURL)this.delegate.visitScrolledToSamePageLocation(oldURL,newURL)get location()return this.history.locationget restorationIdentifier()return this.history.restorationIdentifiergetActionForFormSubmission(formSubmission)varformElement:formSubmission,submitter=formSubmission,submitter=getAttribute("data-turbo-action",submitter,formSubmission);return isAction(submitter)?submitter:"advance"}(prototype=PageStage=PageStage||)[prototype.initial=0]="initial",prototype[prototype.loading=1]="loading",prototype[prototype.interactive=2]="interactive",prototype[prototype.complete=3]="complete";class PageObserverconstructor(delegate)this.stage=PageStage.initial,this.started=!1,this.interpretReadyState=()=>var readyState=this["readyState"];"interactive"==readyState?this.pageIsInteractive():"complete"==readyState&&this.pageIsComplete(),this.pageWillUnload=()=>this.delegate.pageWillUnload(),this.delegate=delegatestart()(this.stage==PageStage.initial&&(this.stage=PageStage.loading),document.addEventListener("readystatechange",this.interpretReadyState,!1),addEventListener("pagehide",this.pageWillUnload,!1),this.started=!0)stop()this.started&&(document.removeEventListener("readystatechange",this.interpretReadyState,!1),removeEventListener("pagehide",this.pageWillUnload,!1),this.started=!1)pageIsInteractive()this.stage==PageStage.loading&&(this.stage=PageStage.interactive,this.delegate.pageBecameInteractive())pageIsComplete()this.pageIsInteractive(),this.stage==PageStage.interactive&&(this.stage=PageStage.complete,this.delegate.pageLoaded())get readyState()return document.readyStateclass ScrollObserverconstructor(delegate)this.started=!1,this.onScroll=()=>this.updatePosition(x:window.pageXOffset,y:window.pageYOffset),this.delegate=delegatestart()this.startedstop()this.started&&(removeEventListener("scroll",this.onScroll,!1),this.started=!1)updatePosition(position)this.delegate.scrollPositionChanged(position)class StreamObserverconstructor(delegate)this.sources=new Set,this.started=!1,this.inspectFetchResponse=event=>var response=function fetchResponseFromEvent(event)event=null==(event=event.detail)?void 0:event.fetchResponse;if(event instanceof FetchResponse)return event(event);response&&function fetchResponseIsStream(response)response=null!=(response=response.contentType)?response:"";return response.startsWith(StreamMessage.contentType)(response)&&(event.preventDefault(),this.receiveMessageResponse(response)),this.receiveMessageEvent=event=>this.started&&"string"==typeof event.data&&this.receiveMessageHTML(event.data),this.delegate=delegatestart()stop()this.started&&(this.started=!1,removeEventListener("turbo:before-fetch-response",this.inspectFetchResponse,!1))connectStreamSource(source)(this.sources.add(source),source.addEventListener("message",this.receiveMessageEvent,!1))disconnectStreamSource(source)this.streamSourceIsConnected(source)&&(this.sources.delete(source),source.removeEventListener("message",this.receiveMessageEvent,!1))streamSourceIsConnected(source)return this.sources.has(source)receiveMessageResponse(response)return __async$3(this,null,function*()var html=yield response.responseHTML;html&&this.receiveMessageHTML(html))receiveMessageHTML(html)this.delegate.receivedMessageFromStream(new StreamMessage(html))class ErrorRenderer extends Rendererrender()return __async$3(this,null,function*()this.replaceHeadAndBody(),this.activateScriptElements())replaceHeadAndBody()vardocumentElement,head,body=document;documentElement.replaceChild(this.newHead,head),documentElement.replaceChild(this.newElement,body)activateScriptElements()for(const replaceableElement of this.scriptElements)var element,parentNode=replaceableElement.parentNode;parentNode&&(element=this.createScriptElement(replaceableElement),parentNode.replaceChild(element,replaceableElement))get newHead()return this.newSnapshot.headSnapshot.elementget scriptElements()return[...document.documentElement.querySelectorAll("script")]class PageRenderer extends Rendererget shouldRender()return this.newSnapshot.isVisitable&&this.trackedElementsAreIdenticalprepareToRender()this.mergeHead()render()return __async$3(this,null,function*()this.willRender&&this.replaceBody())finishRendering()super.finishRendering(),this.isPreviewget currentHeadSnapshot()return this.currentSnapshot.headSnapshotget newHeadSnapshot()return this.newSnapshot.headSnapshotget newElement()return this.newSnapshot.elementmergeHead()this.copyNewHeadStylesheetElements(),this.copyNewHeadScriptElements(),this.removeCurrentHeadProvisionalElements(),this.copyNewHeadProvisionalElements()replaceBody()this.preservingPermanentElements(()=>this.activateNewBody(),this.assignNewBody())get trackedElementsAreIdentical()return this.currentHeadSnapshot.trackedElementSignature==this.newHeadSnapshot.trackedElementSignaturecopyNewHeadStylesheetElements()for(const element of this.newHeadStylesheetElements)document.head.appendChild(element)copyNewHeadScriptElements()for(const element of this.newHeadScriptElements)document.head.appendChild(this.createScriptElement(element))removeCurrentHeadProvisionalElements()for(const element of this.currentHeadProvisionalElements)document.head.removeChild(element)copyNewHeadProvisionalElements()for(const element of this.newHeadProvisionalElements)document.head.appendChild(element)activateNewBody()document.adoptNode(this.newElement),this.activateNewBodyScriptElements()activateNewBodyScriptElements()for(const inertScriptElement of this.newBodyScriptElements)var activatedScriptElement=this.createScriptElement(inertScriptElement);inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activatedScriptElement)assignNewBody()document.body&&this.newElement instanceof HTMLBodyElement?document.body.replaceWith(this.newElement):document.documentElement.appendChild(this.newElement)get newHeadStylesheetElements()return this.newHeadSnapshot.getStylesheetElementsNotInSnapshot(this.currentHeadSnapshot)get newHeadScriptElements()return this.newHeadSnapshot.getScriptElementsNotInSnapshot(this.currentHeadSnapshot)get currentHeadProvisionalElements()return this.currentHeadSnapshot.provisionalElementsget newHeadProvisionalElements()return this.newHeadSnapshot.provisionalElementsget newBodyScriptElements()return this.newElement.querySelectorAll("script")class SnapshotCacheconstructor(size)this.keys=[],this.snapshots=,this.size=sizehas(location2)return toCacheKey(location2)in this.snapshotsget(location2)var snapshot;if(this.has(location2))return snapshot=this.read(location2),this.touch(location2),snapshotput(location2,snapshot)return this.write(location2,snapshot),this.touch(location2),snapshotclear()this.snapshots=read(location2)return this.snapshots[toCacheKey(location2)]write(location2,snapshot)this.snapshots[toCacheKey(location2)]=snapshottouch(location2)var location2=toCacheKey(location2),index=this.keys.indexOf(location2);-1setTimeout(()=>resolve(),0))(),snapshot=snapshot.clone(),this.snapshotCache.put(location2,snapshot),snapshot)getCachedSnapshotForLocation(location2)return this.snapshotCache.get(location2)get snapshot()return PageSnapshot.fromElement(this.element)get shouldCacheSnapshot()return this.snapshot.isCacheablefunction extendURLWithDeprecatedProperties(url)Object.defineProperties(url,deprecatedLocationPropertyDescriptors)const deprecatedLocationPropertyDescriptors=absoluteURL:get()return this.toString(),session=new class Sessionconstructor()this.navigator=new Navigator(this),this.history=new History(this),this.view=new PageView(this,document.documentElement),this.adapter=new BrowserAdapter(this),this.pageObserver=new PageObserver(this),this.cacheObserver=new CacheObserver,this.linkClickObserver=new LinkClickObserver(this),this.formSubmitObserver=new FormSubmitObserver(this),this.scrollObserver=new ScrollObserver(this),this.streamObserver=new StreamObserver(this),this.frameRedirector=new FrameRedirector(document.documentElement),this.drive=!0,this.enabled=!0,this.progressBarDelay=500,this.started=!1start()(this.pageObserver.start(),this.cacheObserver.start(),this.linkClickObserver.start(),this.formSubmitObserver.start(),this.scrollObserver.start(),this.streamObserver.start(),this.frameRedirector.start(),this.history.start(),this.started=!0,this.enabled=!0)disable()this.enabled=!1stop()this.started&&(this.pageObserver.stop(),this.cacheObserver.stop(),this.linkClickObserver.stop(),this.formSubmitObserver.stop(),this.scrollObserver.stop(),this.streamObserver.stop(),this.frameRedirector.stop(),this.history.stop(),this.started=!1)registerAdapter(adapter)this.adapter=adaptervisit(location2,options=)this.navigator.proposeVisit(expandURL(location2),options)connectStreamSource(source)this.streamObserver.connectStreamSource(source)disconnectStreamSource(source)this.streamObserver.disconnectStreamSource(source)renderStreamMessage(message)document.documentElement.appendChild(StreamMessage.wrap(message).fragment)clearCache()this.view.clearSnapshotCache()setProgressBarDelay(delay)this.progressBarDelay=delayget location()return this.history.locationget restorationIdentifier()return this.history.restorationIdentifierhistoryPoppedToLocationWithRestorationIdentifier(location2,restorationIdentifier)this.enabled?this.navigator.startVisit(location2,restorationIdentifier,action:"restore",historyChanged:!0):this.adapter.pageInvalidated()scrollPositionChanged(position)this.history.updateRestorationData(scrollPosition:position)willFollowLinkToLocation(link,location2)return this.elementDriveEnabled(link)&&locationIsVisitable(location2,this.snapshot.rootLocation)&&this.applicationAllowsFollowingLinkToLocation(link,location2)followedLinkToLocation(link,location2)convertLinkWithMethodClickToFormSubmission(link)var linkMethod=link.getAttribute("data-turbo-method");if(linkMethod)const form=document.createElement("form");form.method=linkMethod,form.action=link.getAttribute("href")return!1allowsVisitingLocationWithAction(location2,action)this.applicationAllowsVisitingLocation(location2)visitProposedToLocation(location2,options)extendURLWithDeprecatedProperties(location2),this.adapter.visitProposedToLocation(location2,options)visitStarted(visit2)extendURLWithDeprecatedProperties(visit2.location),visit2.silentvisitCompleted(visit2)this.notifyApplicationAfterPageLoad(visit2.getTimingMetrics())locationWithActionIsSamePage(location2,action)return this.navigator.locationWithActionIsSamePage(location2,action)visitScrolledToSamePageLocation(oldURL,newURL)this.notifyApplicationAfterVisitingSamePageLocation(oldURL,newURL)willSubmitForm(form,submitter)this.elementDriveEnabled(submitter))&&locationIsVisitable(expandURL(action),this.snapshot.rootLocation)formSubmitted(form,submitter)this.navigator.submitForm(form,submitter)pageBecameInteractive()this.view.lastRenderedLocation=this.location,this.notifyApplicationAfterPageLoad()pageLoaded()this.history.assumeControlOfScrollRestoration()pageWillUnload()this.history.relinquishControlOfScrollRestoration()receivedMessageFromStream(message)this.renderStreamMessage(message)viewWillCacheSnapshot()var _a;null!=(_a=this.navigator.currentVisit)&&_a.silentallowsImmediateRender(element,resume)return!this.notifyApplicationBeforeRender(element,resume).defaultPreventedviewRenderedSnapshot(snapshot,isPreview)this.view.lastRenderedLocation=this.history.location,this.notifyApplicationAfterRender()viewInvalidated()this.adapter.pageInvalidated()frameLoaded(frame)this.notifyApplicationAfterFrameLoad(frame)frameRendered(fetchResponse,frame)this.notifyApplicationAfterFrameRender(fetchResponse,frame)applicationAllowsFollowingLinkToLocation(link,location2)return!this.notifyApplicationAfterClickingLinkToLocation(link,location2).defaultPreventedapplicationAllowsVisitingLocation(location2)return!this.notifyApplicationBeforeVisitingLocation(location2).defaultPreventednotifyApplicationAfterClickingLinkToLocation(link,location2)return dispatch("turbo:click",target:link,detail:url:location2.href,cancelable:!0)notifyApplicationBeforeVisitingLocation(location2)return dispatch("turbo:before-visit",detail:url:location2.href,cancelable:!0)notifyApplicationAfterVisitingLocation(location2,action)return markAsBusy(document.documentElement),dispatch("turbo:visit",detail:url:location2.href,action:action)notifyApplicationBeforeCachingSnapshot()return dispatch("turbo:before-cache")notifyApplicationBeforeRender(newBody,resume)return dispatch("turbo:before-render",detail:newBody:newBody,resume:resume,cancelable:!0)notifyApplicationAfterRender()return dispatch("turbo:render")notifyApplicationAfterPageLoad(timing=)return clearBusyState(document.documentElement),dispatch("turbo:load",detail:url:this.location.href,timing:timing)notifyApplicationAfterVisitingSamePageLocation(oldURL,newURL)dispatchEvent(new HashChangeEvent("hashchange",oldURL:oldURL.toString(),newURL:newURL.toString()))notifyApplicationAfterFrameLoad(frame)return dispatch("turbo:frame-load",target:frame)notifyApplicationAfterFrameRender(fetchResponse,frame)return dispatch("turbo:frame-render",detail:fetchResponse:fetchResponse,target:frame,cancelable:!0)elementDriveEnabled(element)element=null==element?void 0:element.closest("[data-turbo]");return this.drive?!elementgetActionForLink(link)link=link.getAttribute("data-turbo-action");return isAction(link)?link:"advance"getTargetFrameForLink(link)get snapshot()return this.view.snapshot;var prototype=session["navigator"];function start()session.start()function registerAdapter(adapter)session.registerAdapter(adapter)function visit(location2,options)session.visit(location2,options)function connectStreamSource(source)session.connectStreamSource(source)function disconnectStreamSource(source)session.disconnectStreamSource(source)function renderStreamMessage(message)session.renderStreamMessage(message)function clearCache()session.clearCache()function setProgressBarDelay(delay)session.setProgressBarDelay(delay)function setConfirmMethod(confirmMethod)FormSubmission.confirmMethod=confirmMethodvar Turbo=Object.freeze(__proto__:null,navigator:prototype,session:session,PageRenderer:PageRenderer,PageSnapshot:PageSnapshot,start:start,registerAdapter:registerAdapter,visit:visit,connectStreamSource:connectStreamSource,disconnectStreamSource:disconnectStreamSource,renderStreamMessage:renderStreamMessage,clearCache:clearCache,setProgressBarDelay:setProgressBarDelay,setConfirmMethod:setConfirmMethod);class SnapshotSubstitutionconstructor(element)this.visitCachedSnapshot=(element:element2)=>varid,clone=this;null!=(element2=element2.querySelector("#"+id))&&element2.replaceWith(clone),this.clone=element.cloneNode(!0),this.id=element.idfunction getFrameElementById(id)if(null!=id)id=document.getElementById(id);if(id instanceof FrameElement)return idfunction activateElement(element,currentURL)if(element)var src=element.getAttribute("src");if(null!=src&&null!=currentURL&&function urlsAreEqual(left,right)return expandURL(left).href==expandURL(right).href(src,currentURL))throw new Error(`Matching element has a source URL which references itself`);if((element=element.ownerDocument!==document?document.importNode(element,!0):element)instanceof FrameElement)return element.connectedCallback(),element.disconnectedCallback(),elementconst StreamActions=after()this.targetElements.forEach(e=>var _a;return null==(_a=e.parentElement)?void 0:_a.insertBefore(this.templateContent,e.nextSibling)),append()this.removeDuplicateTargetChildren(),this.targetElements.forEach(e=>e.append(this.templateContent)),before()this.targetElements.forEach(e=>var _a;return null==(_a=e.parentElement)?void 0:_a.insertBefore(this.templateContent,e)),prepend()this.removeDuplicateTargetChildren(),this.targetElements.forEach(e=>e.prepend(this.templateContent)),remove()this.targetElements.forEach(e=>e.remove()),replace()this.targetElements.forEach(e=>e.replaceWith(this.templateContent)),update()this.targetElements.forEach(e=>e.innerHTML="",e.append(this.templateContent));class StreamElement extends HTMLElementconnectedCallback()return __async$3(this,null,function*()tryyield this.render()catch(error)console.error(error)finallythis.disconnect())render()return __async$3(this,null,function*()var _a;return null!=(_a=this.renderPromise)?_a:this.renderPromise=__async$3(this,null,function*()this.dispatchEvent(this.beforeRenderEvent)&&(yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.performAction())))disconnect()trythis.remove()catch(_a)removeDuplicateTargetChildren()this.duplicateChildren.forEach(c=>c.remove())get duplicateChildren()var _a,existingChildren=this.targetElements.flatMap(e=>[...e.children]).filter(c=>!!c.id);const newChildrenIds=[...null==(_a=this.templateContent)?void 0:_a.children].filter(c=>!!c.id).map(c=>c.id);return existingChildren.filter(c=>newChildrenIds.includes(c.id))get performAction()if(this.action)var actionFunction=StreamActions[this.action];if(actionFunction)return actionFunction;this.raise("unknown action")this.raise("action attribute is missing")get targetElements()return this.target?this.targetElementsById:this.targets?this.targetElementsByQuery:void this.raise("target or targets attribute is missing")get templateContent()return this.templateElement.content.cloneNode(!0)get templateElement()if(this.firstElementChild instanceof HTMLTemplateElement)return this.firstElementChild;this.raise("first child element must be a

